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Black Hole Chemistry
The mass of a black hole has traditionally been identified with its energy.
We describe a new perspective on black hole thermodynamics, one that identifies
the mass of a black hole with chemical enthalpy, and the cosmological constant
as thermodynamic pressure. This leads to an understanding of black holes from
the viewpoint of chemistry, in terms of concepts such as Van der Waals fluids,
reentrant phase transitions, and triple points. Both charged and rotating black
holes exhibit novel chemical-type phase behaviour, hitherto unseen.Comment: 12 pages, Essay written for the Gravity Research Foundation 2014
Awards for Essays on Gravitatio
Another Mass Gap in the BTZ Geometry?
We attempt the construction of perturbative rotating hairy black holes and
boson stars, invariant under a single helical Killing field, in 2+1-dimensions
to complete the perturbative analysis in arbitrary odd dimension recently put
forth in \cite{Stotyn:2011ns}. Unlike the higher dimensional cases, we find
evidence for the non-existence of hairy black holes in 2+1-dimensions in the
perturbative regime, which is interpreted as another mass gap, within which the
black holes cannot have hair. The boson star solutions face a similar
impediment in the background of a conical singularity with a sufficiently high
angular deficit, most notably in the zero-mass BTZ background where boson stars
cannot exist at all. We construct such boson stars in the AdS_3 background as
well as in the background of conical singularities of periodicities
\pi,2\pi/3,\pi/2.Comment: 13 pages, 2 appendices, Invited Contribution to an IOP special volume
of Journal of Physics A in honor of Stuart Dowker's 75th birthday, v2:
discussion in section 4 expande
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